"Operatie Kelk" is the name given to a judicial investigation ordered by the examining magistrate of Brussels, Wim De Troy, on June 24, 2010, in the context of an investigation into sexual abuse in the Belgian ecclesiastical province.

Within the framework of the "gross negligence" procedure, the Court of Appeal of Liège decided on April 23, 2015, to condemn Bishop Léonard in a specific case of sexual abuse, because he had not given an adequate follow-up to the report of a victim of sexual abuse during the period 1996-2001. The victim, a priest in formation, had reported the facts in 1996 through a complaint to the ecclesiastical authorities. The Court of Appeal of Liege ruled that Bishop Léonard had made a mistake.

This is unprecedented and remains to be seen how this ruling affects other pending litigation.